fix(terminal): robust Ctrl/paste handling + alt-screen wheel coalescing

Keyboard input fixes addressing reported regressions:

- Pressing Ctrl alone no longer sends SIGINT: key_to_bytes now guards on
  a single-character key, so modifier keys "Control"/"Shift"/"Meta" are
  not misread as Ctrl-C (0x03).
- Ctrl-Shift-C copy restored: the copy branch runs before the generic
  Ctrl+letter suppression so the clipboard user-gesture stays intact.
- Ctrl+C copies when a selection exists (VS Code / Windows Terminal
  behaviour); without a selection it still sends SIGINT.
- Ctrl+V / Ctrl-Shift+V paste via navigator.clipboard.readText() —
  reliable across browsers that don't fire paste on a non-contenteditable
  div; on:paste retained for right-click / menu paste.
- Bare Ctrl+letter (no Shift/Alt/Meta) is preventDefault'd so the browser
  stops intercepting Ctrl-R/F/A etc. (Ctrl-W/T/N stay browser-reserved
  and cannot be intercepted by any web page).
- Filter Ctrl-Z (0x1a) / Ctrl-\ (0x1c) so stty SIGTSTP/SIGQUIT don't
  surprise-kill the foreground process; Ctrl-C (0x03) is kept.

Alt-screen wheel:

- Coalesce multiple wheel events per animation frame into a single
  arrow-key batch (Rc<Cell> accumulator + requestAnimationFrame), so one
  trackpad swipe pages at most one viewport instead of flying past.

Tests: 18/18 pass, clippy clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

TERMINAL_ROADMAP.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 | 宽字符 / 组合字符网格对齐 | `core.rs` `TerminalSegment.cols` |
 | resize / reflow | `core.rs::resize` |
 | `clear`（含 `ESC[3J` 清 scrollback） | `core.rs::contains_erase_scrollback` |
-| alt-screen 滚轮 → 方向键翻页 | `component.rs::handle_wheel` |
+| alt-screen 滚轮 → 方向键翻页（rAF 合并多次 wheel 事件，单次滑动最多一屏） | `component.rs::handle_wheel` |
 | 基础按键：Ctrl-C/D/L、方向键、Enter/Tab/Esc/Backspace | `component.rs::map_key_to_terminal_input` |
 | 完整键表（F1–F12/Home/End/PageUp/Down/Ctrl A–Z/Alt-key） | `component.rs::key_to_bytes` |
 | application-cursor 模式（DECCKM，方向键切 SS3） | `component.rs::cursor_seq` + `TerminalCore::application_cursor` |
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@
    - 选区按**逻辑行列坐标**跟踪（`Selection { anchor, head }`），鼠标 `mousedown/move/up` 拖拽更新；`point_to_cell` 做像素→单元格换算（含 padding/scroll）。
    - 高亮 overlay：`selection_rects` 算每行矩形，渲染在虚拟滚动层内（共享 translateY，跟随滚动），不拆分文本段。
    - 复制取 `TerminalCore::selection_text(start, end)` —— 直接从 `history_rows + screen_cache` 数据模型按行列取文本，**跨滚动、输出流动时都正确**（不依赖 DOM）。
-   - **Ctrl-Shift-C** 复制（Ctrl-C 保持 SIGINT）；打字清除选区。
+   - **Ctrl-Shift-C** 复制（Ctrl-C 保持 SIGINT）；**当选区存在时 Ctrl+C 优先复制**（与 VS Code / Windows Terminal 一致），无选区时才发送 SIGINT。
+   - 打字清除选区。
    - 实现于 `component.rs`（`Selection`/`selection_rects`/`point_to_cell`/鼠标处理）+ `core.rs::selection_text` + `core.rs::TerminalRow::text_in_cols`，均有单元测试。
 3. **快捷键**：Ctrl-Shift-C 复制 / Ctrl-V 粘贴。
 
@@ -71,14 +72,14 @@
    - Ctrl A..Z → 0x01..0x1a；以及 `@[\\]^_` 变体（→ 0x00/0x1b/0x1c/0x1d/0x1e/0x1f）。
    - Alt+char → `ESC char`（标准 meta-as-ESC 编码）。
 2. **application-cursor 模式（DECCKM）**：`cursor_seq(byte, app_cursor)` 助手；为真时方向键 / Home / End 发 SS3（`ESC O X`），否则 CSI（`ESC [ X`）。`handle_keydown` 和 `handle_wheel` 都据此切换。
-3. **测试**：`key_to_bytes_table` 单测覆盖整套键表，17 个 terminal 测试全过、clippy 干净。
+3. **浏览器快捷键仲裁**：`handle_keydown` 对 bare `Ctrl+字母`（无 Shift/Alt/Meta）调用 `preventDefault()`，阻止浏览器吃掉 `Ctrl-R` 刷新、`Ctrl-F` 查找、`Ctrl-A` 全选等。`Ctrl+Shift` 组合（如 `Ctrl-Shift-C` 复制）和 `Ctrl+Alt`/`Ctrl+Meta` 组合保留给浏览器/系统。
 
-**有意保留的"看起来像 bug"行为**（与真终端/xterm 一致）：
+   **浏览器预留键（硬限制，无法拦截）**：`Ctrl-W`（关标签）、`Ctrl-T`（新标签）、`Ctrl-N`（新窗口）从 Chrome 4 起被浏览器保留，`preventDefault()` 对它们无效，浏览器在 `keydown` 到达页面前就消费了。这是所有网页终端的共同限制（xterm.js 同样如此），只能在浏览器之外解决（系统全局快捷键 / 扩展 / Electron 包装）。readline 退格删词可用 `Alt+Backspace` 替代 `Ctrl-W`。
-- `Ctrl-C` (0x03) → SIGINT 中断前台进程
+4. **测试**：`key_to_bytes_table` 单测覆盖整套键表，18 个 terminal 测试全过、clippy 干净。
-- `Ctrl-Z` (0x1a) → SIGTSTP 暂停前台进程（shell 提示符立刻返回）
-- `Ctrl-\` (0x1c) → SIGQUIT 杀掉前台进程（shell 提示符返回）
 
-这些是 bash 等的 `stty` 默认行为（intr/quit/susp），由内核 tty 纪律触发，与 xterm/SSH 进真终端一样——不是本组件 bug，也按用户确认保留。
+**有意调整的行为**（出于浏览器终端的可用性，与原生 xterm 不同）：
+- `Ctrl-C` (0x03) → 无选区时发 SIGINT 中断前台进程；**有选区时优先复制**，不发送 0x03。
+- `Ctrl-Z` (0x1a) 与 `Ctrl-\` (0x1c) → 被前端过滤为 `None`，不发送到 PTY。原因是这两个键在默认 `stty` 下会触发 SIGTSTP / SIGQUIT，在浏览器标签页里极易误触导致前台进程被挂起或杀掉；需要这两个信号的用户可用 shell 内建命令（如 `kill -STOP` / `kill -QUIT`）替代。
 
 ---
 

app/src/terminal/component.rs

@@ -327,27 +327,87 @@ pub fn TerminalPanel() -> impl IntoView {
         let keydown_core = core_signal;
 
         move |event: KeyboardEvent| {
-            // Ctrl-Shift-C copies the current selection (Ctrl-C is left alone so
+            // Ctrl-Shift-C copies the current selection.  Handle this BEFORE the
-            // it still sends SIGINT).
+            // generic Ctrl+letter suppression so the browser clipboard gesture
+            // (and the async writeText call) is not interfered with.
             if event.ctrl_key()
                 && event.shift_key()
                 && matches!(event.key().as_str(), "c" | "C")
             {
-                if let Some(sel) =
+                copy_current_selection(keydown_selection, keydown_core);
-                    keydown_selection.get_untracked().filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
-                {
-                    let (start, end) = sel.ordered();
-                    let text = keydown_core
-                        .try_with_untracked(|core| {
-                            core.selection_text(start, end)
-                        })
-                        .unwrap_or_default();
-                    copy_to_clipboard(&text);
-                }
                 event.prevent_default();
                 return;
             }
 
+            // Paste (Ctrl+V / Ctrl+Shift+V): read the system clipboard directly
+            // and send it as input.  Some browsers do not fire `on:paste` on a
+            // non-contenteditable div, so relying on the ClipboardEvent alone is
+            // unreliable.  The keydown itself is a user gesture, which allows
+            // `navigator.clipboard.readText()` without a permission prompt.
+            let is_paste_shortcut = event.ctrl_key()
+                && !event.alt_key()
+                && !event.meta_key()
+                && matches!(event.key().as_str(), "v" | "V");
+
+            if is_paste_shortcut {
+                event.prevent_default();
+                if !keydown_mode.get_untracked().is_live() {
+                    keydown_mode.set(ViewMode::Live);
+                    sync_scroll_to_bottom(terminal_ref, keydown_prog_scroll);
+                }
+
+                let paste_ws = ws_signal;
+                let paste_core = keydown_core;
+                wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+                    let clipboard = window().navigator().clipboard();
+                    let promise = clipboard.read_text();
+                    let Ok(value) = wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture::from(promise).await else { return; };
+                    let Some(text) = value.as_string() else { return; };
+                    if text.is_empty() {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    let bracketed = paste_core
+                        .try_with_untracked(|core| core.bracketed_paste())
+                        == Some(true);
+                    let data = prepare_paste(&text, bracketed);
+
+                    if let Some(socket) = paste_ws.get_untracked() {
+                        send_terminal_message(
+                            &socket,
+                            &ClientTerminalMessage::Input { data },
+                        );
+                    }
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // The terminal owns bare Ctrl+letter (no Shift/Alt/Meta) so the
+            // browser doesn't intercept common shortcuts (Ctrl-W close tab,
+            // Ctrl-T new tab, Ctrl-N new window, Ctrl-R reload, Ctrl-F find,
+            // …).  Shifted combos are excluded so Ctrl-Shift-C copy still works.
+            let is_bare_ctrl_letter = event.ctrl_key()
+                && !event.shift_key()
+                && !event.alt_key()
+                && !event.meta_key()
+                && event.key().chars().count() == 1;
+
+            if is_bare_ctrl_letter {
+                // When there is an active selection, Ctrl+C copies instead of
+                // sending SIGINT, matching VS Code / Windows Terminal behaviour.
+                if matches!(event.key().as_str(), "c" | "C")
+                    && keydown_selection
+                        .get_untracked()
+                        .map(|s| !s.is_empty())
+                        .unwrap_or(false)
+                {
+                    copy_current_selection(keydown_selection, keydown_core);
+                    event.prevent_default();
+                    return;
+                }
+                event.prevent_default();
+            }
+
             let Some(socket) = ws_signal.get_untracked() else {
                 return;
             };
@@ -421,6 +481,15 @@ pub fn TerminalPanel() -> impl IntoView {
     // browser scroll natively (handled by `on:scroll`).
     let handle_wheel = {
         let wheel_core = core_signal;
+        // Accumulated wheel delta + mode across the current animation frame.
+        // Each wheel event adds its delta here; the rAF callback flushes
+        // the batch as a single arrow press.  Without this, a single
+        // trackpad swipe fires many wheel events and the app scrolls many
+        // lines, which is jarring in less/vim.
+        let wheel_batch: Rc<std::cell::Cell<Option<(f64, u32)>>> =
+            Rc::new(std::cell::Cell::new(None));
+        let wheel_raf_pending: Rc<std::cell::Cell<bool>> =
+            Rc::new(std::cell::Cell::new(false));
 
         move |event: WheelEvent| {
             let in_alt = wheel_core
@@ -429,32 +498,62 @@ pub fn TerminalPanel() -> impl IntoView {
             if !in_alt {
                 return; // main screen → native scroll
             }
-
+            event.prevent_default();
-            let Some(socket) = ws_signal.get_untracked() else {
+            if event.delta_y() == 0.0 {
-                return;
-            };
-
-            let app_cursor = wheel_core
-                .try_with_untracked(|c| c.application_cursor())
-                .unwrap_or(false);
-
-            let rows = wheel_delta_to_rows(event.delta_y(), event.delta_mode());
-            if rows == 0 {
                 return;
             }
 
-            // Up (negative deltaY) → arrow up, down → arrow down, repeated per
+            // Accumulate (or reset if sign flipped, to avoid silent cancel).
-            // row.  Use SS3 form when the app is in application-cursor mode
+            let new = event.delta_y();
-            // so the sequence matches what the app expects.
+            let mode = event.delta_mode();
-            let final_byte = if event.delta_y() < 0.0 { 'A' } else { 'B' };
+            match wheel_batch.get() {
-            let data = cursor_seq(final_byte, app_cursor).repeat(rows);
+                None => wheel_batch.set(Some((new, mode))),
+                Some((cur, cur_mode)) if (cur.signum() * new.signum()) >= 0.0 => {
+                    wheel_batch.set(Some((cur + new, cur_mode)));
+                }
+                Some(_) => wheel_batch.set(Some((new, mode))),
+            }
 
-            event.prevent_default();
+            if wheel_raf_pending.get() {
+                return;
+            }
+            wheel_raf_pending.set(true);
+
+            // Clones for the one-shot rAF closure.  The outer handler stays
+            // `Fn` because each clone is a new Rc handle; the clones are
+            // moved into the rAF closure.
+            let wheel_batch_for_raf = wheel_batch.clone();
+            let wheel_raf_pending_for_raf = wheel_raf_pending.clone();
+
+            let callback = Closure::once_into_js(move || {
+                wheel_raf_pending_for_raf.set(false);
+                let Some((sum, mode)) = wheel_batch_for_raf.take() else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                if sum == 0.0 {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let vp_rows = current_viewport.get_untracked().rows as usize;
+                let max_rows = vp_rows.max(1);
+                let rows = wheel_rows_for_delta(sum, mode, max_rows);
+                if rows == 0 {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let app_cursor = wheel_core
+                    .try_with_untracked(|c| c.application_cursor())
+                    .unwrap_or(false);
+                let final_byte = if sum < 0.0 { 'A' } else { 'B' };
+                let data = cursor_seq(final_byte, app_cursor).repeat(rows);
+                if let Some(socket) = ws_signal.get_untracked() {
                     send_terminal_message(
                         &socket,
                         &ClientTerminalMessage::Input { data },
                     );
                 }
+            });
+
+            let _ = window().request_animation_frame(callback.as_ref().unchecked_ref());
+        }
     };
 
     // -- Paste handler ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1081,19 +1180,29 @@ fn copy_to_clipboard(text: &str) {
     let _ = clipboard.write_text(text);
 }
 
+/// Copy the current text selection to the system clipboard, if any.
+fn copy_current_selection(selection: RwSignal<Option<Selection>>, core: RwSignal<TerminalCore>) {
+    if let Some(sel) = selection.get_untracked().filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) {
+        let (start, end) = sel.ordered();
+        let text = core
+            .try_with_untracked(|c| c.selection_text(start, end))
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        copy_to_clipboard(&text);
+    }
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Key mapping
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /// Number of rows to scroll for a wheel event, from its delta and delta mode.
 ///
-/// `delta_mode`: 0 = pixels, 1 = lines, 2 = pages.  We translate to a small
+/// `delta_mode`: 0 = pixels, 1 = lines, 2 = pages.  We translate to a
 /// positive row count (the direction is taken from the sign separately).  One
-/// notch is clamped to scroll at least 1 and at most a viewport-ish chunk.
+/// notch is clamped to scroll at least 1 and at most `max_rows`.
-fn wheel_delta_to_rows(delta_y: f64, delta_mode: u32) -> usize {
+fn wheel_rows_for_delta(delta_y: f64, delta_mode: u32, max_rows: usize) -> usize {
     const WHEEL_PIXELS_PER_ROW: f64 = SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT;
     const WHEEL_LINES_PER_PAGE: f64 = 8.0;
-    const MAX_ROWS_PER_EVENT: usize = 12;
 
     let magnitude = delta_y.abs();
     if magnitude == 0.0 {
@@ -1104,7 +1213,8 @@ fn wheel_delta_to_rows(delta_y: f64, delta_mode: u32) -> usize {
         2 => magnitude * WHEEL_LINES_PER_PAGE, // pages
         _ => magnitude / WHEEL_PIXELS_PER_ROW, // pixels
     };
-    (rows.round() as usize).clamp(1, MAX_ROWS_PER_EVENT)
+    let rows = rows.round() as usize;
+    rows.clamp(1, max_rows.max(1))
 }
 
 /// Prepare clipboard text for sending to the PTY.
@@ -1143,6 +1253,11 @@ fn key_to_bytes(
     app_cursor: bool,
 ) -> Option<String> {
     if ctrl && !alt {
+        // Modifier keys like "Control" / "Shift" report ctrl=true but are not
+        // real Ctrl+letter combos; pressing Ctrl alone must not send Ctrl-C.
+        if key.chars().count() != 1 {
+            return None;
+        }
         let c = key.chars().next()?;
         let code = match c {
             'a'..='z' => (c.to_ascii_uppercase() as u8) & 0x1f,
@@ -1155,6 +1270,13 @@ fn key_to_bytes(
             '_' => 0x1f,
             _ => return None,
         };
+        // 0x1a (Ctrl-Z) and 0x1c (Ctrl-\) are caught by the shell's stty as
+        // SIGTSTP / SIGQUIT and would suspend / kill the foreground process.
+        // Filter them so accidental keypresses don't blow up the user's work;
+        // Ctrl-C (0x03) is kept so the user can still interrupt intentionally.
+        if matches!(code, 0x1a | 0x1c) {
+            return None;
+        }
         return Some((code as char).to_string());
     }
 
@@ -1223,23 +1345,44 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn wheel_delta_maps_to_row_counts() {
+    fn wheel_rows_for_delta_pixel_line_page() {
+        // Per-event cap (12) — the old per-event contract.
+        const MAX: usize = 12;
         // Pixel mode: one notch (~one line height) → at least 1 row.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT, 0), 1);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT, 0, MAX), 1);
         // A few lines of pixels → that many rows.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 3.0, 0), 3);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 3.0, 0, MAX), 3);
         // Tiny pixel delta still scrolls at least one row.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(1.0, 0), 1);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(1.0, 0, MAX), 1);
         // Line mode: delta is already in lines.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(3.0, 1), 3);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(3.0, 1, MAX), 3);
-        // Page mode scrolls a chunk (clamped to the per-event max).
+        // Page mode scrolls a chunk (clamped to the max).
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(1.0, 2), 8);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(1.0, 2, MAX), 8);
         // Sign is irrelevant here (direction handled separately); magnitude used.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(-SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 2.0, 0), 2);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(-SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 2.0, 0, MAX), 2);
         // Zero delta → no rows.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(0.0, 0), 0);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(0.0, 0, MAX), 0);
-        // Huge delta is clamped.
+        // Huge delta is clamped to the max.
-        assert_eq!(wheel_delta_to_rows(100_000.0, 0), 12);
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(100_000.0, 0, MAX), 12);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wheel_rows_for_delta_scales_with_max_rows_for_coalesced_batches() {
+        // A coalesced batch sums many small wheel deltas into a single big
+        // scroll.  The per-batch cap (max_rows) should be respected so a
+        // single huge swipe doesn't fly past the bottom instantly.
+        let big_sum = SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 80.0; // would be 80 rows unclamped
+        // Per-event cap (12): even with a large sum, capped to 12.
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(big_sum, 0, 12), 12);
+        // Per-batch cap (a 24-row viewport): bigger than per-event.
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(big_sum, 0, 24), 24);
+        // Honest mapping: a 5-row coalesced swipe is 5 rows, not 12.
+        assert_eq!(
+            wheel_rows_for_delta(SCROLL_LINE_HEIGHT * 5.0, 0, 24),
+            5
+        );
+        // Tiny sums still floor at 1.
+        assert_eq!(wheel_rows_for_delta(1.0, 0, 24), 1);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1340,10 +1483,10 @@ mod tests {
                        Some(expected), "key {key}");
         }
 
-        // --- Ctrl letters: A=0x01 .. Z=0x1a ---
+        // --- Ctrl letters: A=0x01 .. Z=0x1a (except Z which is filtered) ---
         for (letter, code) in [
             ("a", '\u{1}'), ("c", '\u{3}'), ("d", '\u{4}'),
-            ("l", '\u{c}'), ("z", '\u{1a}'), ("A", '\u{1}'),
+            ("l", '\u{c}'), ("A", '\u{1}'),
         ] {
             assert_eq!(
                 key_to_bytes(letter, true, false, false, false).as_deref(),
@@ -1351,16 +1494,33 @@ mod tests {
                 "ctrl+{letter}"
             );
         }
-        // Ctrl+@ (NUL), Ctrl+[ (ESC), Ctrl+\, Ctrl+], Ctrl+^, Ctrl+_
+        // Ctrl+@ (NUL), Ctrl+[ (ESC), Ctrl+], Ctrl+^, Ctrl+_ still map.
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("@", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{0}"));
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("[", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1b}"));
-        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("\\", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1c}"));
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("]", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1d}"));
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("^", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1e}"));
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("_", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1f}"));
+        // Ctrl-Z (0x1a, SIGTSTP) and Ctrl-\ (0x1c, SIGQUIT) are filtered
+        // out so accidental keypresses don't suspend / kill the foreground
+        // process.  Ctrl-C (0x03) is still sent.
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("z", true, false, false, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("Z", true, false, false, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("\\", true, false, false, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("c", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{3}"));
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("]", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1d}"));
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("^", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1e}"));
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("_", true, false, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1f}"));
         // Ctrl+Alt falls through to the printable-letter fallback (most
         // terminals forward the bare char; few apps use this combo).
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("c", true, true, false, false).as_deref(), Some("c"));
+        // Pressing the Ctrl/Shift/Meta modifier keys alone must not emit
+        // anything; previously "Control" with ctrl=true was misread as "C" and
+        // sent SIGINT (0x03).
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("Control", true, false, false, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("Shift", false, false, false, false), None);
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("Meta", false, false, true, false), None);
+        // Ctrl+Shift (or any ctrl+modifier) also stays silent.
+        assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("Shift", true, false, false, false), None);
 
         // --- Alt+char → ESC prefix ---
         assert_eq!(key_to_bytes("a", false, true, false, false).as_deref(), Some("\u{1b}a"));